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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people with ADHD are prescribed medication for the condition. It can improve symptoms, but it could cause adverse negative side effects. Speak to your doctor when you experience any side effects. Stimulants are among the most popular type of prescription medication that healthcare doctors prescribe for ADHD. These drugs increase the levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters that regulate the attention span and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, a stimulant of first choice for treating ADHD in adults and children, is the most commonly prescribed medication. It works by increasing activity in the parts of the brain that help control attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions such as narcolepsy. It can help people with the condition to stay alert and improve their ability to focus and pay attention. This medication has a very high potential for abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug in the US Drug Enforcement Agency. Following the exact dosage prescribed will reduce the risk for abuse and other side effects. Methylphenidate may trigger psychotic symptoms for some people. It can also exacerbate behavioral problems and tics in certain people suffering from bipolar disorder or Tourette's syndrome. Before starting this medication, patients with these conditions must tell their doctor. Consult your physician if there are any other health problems or if you are allergic to dyes or foods. (For example tartrazine is a yellow dye that can be found in processed food items and some medications. If you're on Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate can interact with certain drugs, including opioid medicines such as antidepressants, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) Methylene blue, phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It's also important to avoid alcohol and other stimulant drugs when taking methylphenidate. They can have a negative impact on your blood pressure or heart rate. The immediate-release methylphenidate tablets (Ritalin) and the long-acting chewable tablet and the long-acting orally disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain Phenylalanine, which is dangerous if you suffer from an inherited condition known as phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion is an antidepressant medicine that works within the brain to improve mood and decrease symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal depression (SAD), which occurs during the winter and fall seasons. It can also be used to help people stop smoking cigarettes by reducing cravings for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Bupropion has been found to improve ADHD symptoms in adults in several studies. The fixed-effect RR of the pooled study for improvement over the course of a week (using a clinically meaningful change of 30% or more on the CGI scale) is 1.14 (95% of the interval 0.95 to 1.37) and overall response the proportion of better subjects was 52 percent in the bupropion group, compared with 37 percent in the placebo group. Bupropion could cause serious and sometimes life-threatening interactions several different drugs, including sedatives antidepressants and some blood pressure drugs. It can also increase the risk of seizure in people who have a history of seizures or high blood pressure. It is also contraindicated for use by people with certain medical conditions and should not be taken by women who are breastfeeding or pregnant. Bupropion can be found in the brand-name medication Wellbutrin SR, Wellbutrin XL, Zyban, Budeprion SR, Aplenzin, and Forfivo XL. It is also available as a generic drug. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants (abbreviated TCAs) are a group of medications that affect the brain's chemical. They were one of the first antidepressants to be developed, and although they are no longer considered a first-line treatment for depression, they are still effective for some patients suffering from other disorders. They work by blocking the reuptakes of dopamine as well as serotonin, thereby increasing their levels of availability in neurons. They can also be used to treat a variety of other diseases, such as pain syndromes, enuresis like fibromyalgia, as well as phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs can be prescribed alone or in combination with stimulants, and can have a beneficial impact on the symptoms of ADHD. They can improve core symptoms and decrease anxiety, depression and impulsiveness. They can also assist in managing tics. They are uncontrollable repetitive actions or sounds like blinking or throat clearing. TCAs can cause side effects, such as dry mouth, sedation and constipation, and can increase the risk of heart issues. These drugs can interact with other medications, such as anticholinergics and should be avoided by pregnant women. These medications are also known to cause teratogenic reactions in animals and they can cross the placenta. If adhd depression medication have any concerns, talk to your doctor for advice, as there are more modern antidepressants that have a less harmful adverse-effect profile. Selective serotonin inhibition of reuptake (SSRIs). The SSRIs are a type of antidepressants that block serotonin reuptake by neurons and increase the amount of available serotonin for signaling. They also help reduce anxiety and impulse-driven behavior. They are often used as adhd medications because they reduce symptoms in certain individuals and are effective along with other medications. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline paroxetine, and citalopram. They exhibit linear pharmacokinetics and have low clearance from the body, yet they are extensively metabolized the liver by CYP450 enzymes. This causes varying blood concentrations. These medications can also be prescribed to treat other disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as generalized anxiety disorder, and the bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine and escitalopram and sertraline can help reduce PTSD primary symptoms. However, they don't seem to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs may cause a rare side effect of sexual dysfunction. It is important to discuss this with your doctor if are thinking of taking one of these medications. It is common for people to have to test a variety of ADHD medications before they discover the one that is most effective for them. The development and research of new medication is ongoing. It is important to inform all medications you take to your healthcare provider. Selective norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) If stimulant drugs don't work for adults with ADHD doctors prescribe a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibit (SNRI). These drugs increase the levels of two brain chemicals called serotonin and norepinephrine. They also aid in improving mood and reduce anxiety and depression. SNRIs are similar to TCAs however they are less risky and have fewer side effects. They are used to treat many ailments, including anxiety disorders and long-term pain such as fibromyalgia and nerve pain. They are also sometimes utilized as an additional treatment for depression. Examples of SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta) and Venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications block the reabsorption of norepinephrine into the brain which is a normal reaction after neurotransmission. This results in a more than normal phasic release. The rise in levels of norepinephrine can improve attention and mood. Although SNRIs aren't approved by the FDA to treat ADHD Some doctors do use them as a substitute for stimulants. They are most often taken orally as pills, but they can be taken as patches or liquids. The FDA approved an oral SNRI called viloxazine, or Qelbree for treating ADHD among adolescents and children in April 2021. It is not a controlled substance because it does not have the potential of being misused. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants that affect the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. They are prescribed for depression and anxiety disorders but also aid in the management of ADHD symptoms. SNRI drugs like venlafaxine or duloxetine have been shown in several studies to significantly decrease scores on various ADHD questionnaires. SNRIs may increase blood pressure or interact with other medications. Therefore, it is important to consult a doctor before taking these medications. In addition, improperly disposed medication could cause harm to people and animals. Therefore, it is essential to follow the correct disposal instructions. SSRIs and SNRIs are not approved by the FDA to treat ADHD, but doctors can prescribe them without a prescription. They are safe and effective, as well as having less adverse effects than stimulants. Consult your doctor and discuss your child's symptoms. SNRIs may increase the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, however, they are not appropriate for all. For example women who are pregnant or nursing should not take SNRIs as they may be passed into breast milk. Also, they should not be used by those with high blood pressure, liver issues or any other cardiovascular problems. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people who suffer from ADHD discover that medication can help improve their focus and attention. They might also experience less impulsive behaviors. The medication is often combined with behavioral therapy and skills training to help people understand how to manage their symptoms. Finding the right medication for each patient requires time. In this process, doctors observe physical reactions to determine the optimal balance of benefits and adverse effects. The stimulant drugs, like methylphenidate, enhance the activity of specific brain chemicals that regulate memory and attention. They are generally safe and beneficial for the majority of people, however, they may cause serious side effects, including decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping. These side effects typically disappear after a couple of days as your body adjusts to the medication. Non-stimulant drugs are also available for children as well as adults. They take longer to begin working, but they can improve concentration and impulse control. These include alpha-2-adrenergic agonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine) and the guanfacine. Antidepressants are also able to help treat ADHD. They can increase norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps with impulsive behaviors and depression. Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant employed to treat ADHD. It was prescribed “off-label” but drug makers came up with extended-release versions and the FDA approved the use of it as treatment.